Singlet Fission Rate: Optimized Packing of a Molecular Pair. Ethylene as a Model

Instructions for interactive figures

In Figures 4 and 6, the List of pair geometries with their log10 |TA|2 and log10 k values, respectively, is located on the right and allows a selection of a second molecule by mouse clicking. A second click will reverse the selection. All second molecules in selected pairs highlighted in the list are color coded to indicate a common parent. The same color is also displayed in a narrow stripe to the left of the pair number. All pairs that share a common parent are said to form a group. Placing the cursor over a selected pair in the list renders the highlighted second molecule light blue in the 3D view. Detailed information about the pair under the cursor is displayed in the Details panel. This information includes the log10 |TA|2 or log10 k value, the translation and rotation coordinates of the second ethylene, the SF energy balance ESF from the S* and S** states, the biexciton binding energy EBB, and the number of the parent group. The panel is initially small; it can be enlarged and downsized again by a mouse click.

The molecules visible in the 3D Display area, with shadows on three walls of the octant, can be rotated by mouse dragging and zoomed by rolling the mouse scroll wheel. Eight Preset default views are available – six in the direction of the positive and negative coordinate axes and two diagonal. Preset view letters are located in the upper left corner. The display can be modified by a set of toggle buttons in the lower left corner in two columns. Show/Hide buttons allow the visualization of coordinate axes, of a gray bounding box, and of atomic orbitals on the ethylene carbons. The user can hide the List and Details panel or hide the complete user interface (List and All buttons). This is useful before taking a snapshot of a visualization.

A subset of the pairs that share a parent can be selected by a sequence of clicks on the “Select” button. Simultaneous display of more than three pairs is usually cluttered, and the highlighting by light blue often does not help. Therefore, a special display mode is provided in which only the selected pair under the mouse cursor in the list is displayed. This special mode is activated by clicking on “Only number under cursor” and deactivated by “Display whole list” display option.

The toggle button "Show all steps"/"Show one" step in the lower right corner switches between a simultaneous display of all 32 steps from daughters to parents and a display of continuous motion from one to the other, controlled similarly as on a tape recorder (play/pause, fast forward to parent, rewind to daughter, previous step, next step). The direction of the animation is controlled by a button with arrows (forward, backward, or loop). The speed of the animation is selected from very slow to extra fast using the Play: drop-down menu.

Press the Back button for return to the paper text.